Startup
Studio Nilima’s journey to restorative justice and social change in Assam
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In the culturally complex and politically nuanced landscape of Assam, Studio Nilima has been in pursuit of justice, cultural exploration, and social reform inside correctional homes for the last seven years.
For Abantee Dutta, the Co-founder and Managing Director of the organisation, the core vision of this work has been the championing of restorative justice—a concept that seeks to address harm by understanding its root causes and involving affected communities in the healing process.
Dutta’s dedicated focus on transformative justice, intersectionality and community engagement in a punitive criminal justice system stems from experiencing the close effects of incarceration in her own house. Dutta’s father, Nilay Dutta, worked with residents through active dialogue and radical listening, including all members of the prison ecosystem in the conversation.
Leading him into this work was his own experience of incarceration as a student at the age of 17 and a human rights activist and lawyer at 40. “We grew up in a lot of deprivation because of my father’s incarceration. My mother, Dr. Biju Dutta Choudhury, became the only earning member of the family,” Dutta tells SocialStory. “It was very difficult to resist and be seen as resistors of the State, and then eventually be called traitors by the same people… that does different things to your identity. The idea of home has never been settled for me,” she adds.
While technically, Assam is home for Dutta, it also symbolised a place that came with a lot of trauma. These circumstances propelled her to think of the reasons beyond the evident harm that was committed by someone to explore how and why the harm manifested in society and the structural causes behind it.
“The obvious answers were poverty and the under-resourced, conflict fatigued society of Assam, that struggled with unemployment and chronic mental distress,” she says. “A lot of people who get involved in narcotic crimes, for instance,are people who come from very vulnerable communities, having no money for basic survival, and get incarcerated for becoming carriers. The law on Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) being so strict, they are not even entitled to bail,” says Dutta.
These problems that stem from the unique sociopolitical challenges of Assam naturally propelled the Studio Nilima her team to listen to incarcerated people and their families, and understand what they needed.
Founded on the principles of empathy and intersectionality, Studio Nilima’s work intersects the realms of law, history, and community engagement, creating a space where meaningful discourse and actionable change meet.
A focus on restorative justice
Unlike the conventional punitive approach, Studio Nilima’s projects often highlight the disparity in how justice is perceived and administered, in the complex landscape of Assam. This approach aligns with Dutta’s belief in contextualising trauma and acknowledging how it manifests not only psychologically but physically within individuals and communities.
She explains, “The trauma of conflict is embedded not just in history books but in the very bodies of the people who have lived through it. Addressing this requires more than legal remedies; it calls for a holistic understanding that bridges intellect and somatics.”
Dutta recalls poignant anecdotes that capture the essence of Studio Nilima’s work. One such story involves Faruque, a former inmate whose release brought to light the somatic toll of years in confinement. “When I first shook his hand, I realised the years of rough labour etched into his skin,” Dutta shares.
Another case involved a Boro woman imprisoned for carrying narcotics, an act driven by the desperation of providing for her children. These stories illustrate that punitive action without understanding the root causes is a cycle doomed to repeat, a realisation that drives Studio Nilima’s focus on addressing the structures behind societal issues.
Studio Nilima’s legal aid and awareness building programme Pratidhwani, has extended to prisons in 10 districts in Assam and reached out to 1,778 inmates.
Pratidhwani works to improve the already existing legal services mechanism that the State runs through its district legal services authorities. Studio Nilima’s team engages with the system to brainstorm trial strategies, defence strategies, getting in experts including outside lawyers, and also build capacity at the district level.
“The basic level of intervention is providing effective representation . We do appeals ourselves. We have an in-house team in Guwahati. In the Supreme Court too, we have a dedicated network of lawyers with whom we interact on a daily basis, and pursue cases in the Supreme Court.
In addition, we also look at strategic litigation, for example, the fact that Mental Health Review Boards – which are actually the basic unit of the Mental Health Care Act – was not implemented in Assam for a very long time; we had to file a Public Interest Litigation, and got them running,” says Anubhab Atreya, litigation manager at Studio Nilima.
Studio Nilima’s art-based programmes are also integral to its holistic approach to justice and community engagement in Assam. These initiatives are designed to explore and express the complex interplay between culture, identity, and justice through various art forms.
The organisation’s projects often incorporate visual art, storytelling, and performance to create platforms for dialogue and healing. One significant outcome of these initiatives is the creation of a music album with poems written by residents and performed by musicians from across Assam.
Being ‘context-specific’
Assam, with its intricate fabric of ethnicities and historical conflicts, presents unique challenges to justice. Studio Nilima’s work underscores the importance of recognising the region’s multifaceted identity. “Assam is not just Guwahati; it is an amalgamation of various marginalised communities, each with its own stories and struggles,” says Dutta.
Through conflict mapping, Studio Nilima has revealed how different districts face distinct issues—whether it’s narcotics trafficking or socio-economic marginalisation—emphasising that justice solutions must be tailored to these local realities.
For instance, in areas like the Rabha and Tiwa communities, whose struggles are seldom represented in mainstream narratives, Studio Nilima has brought attention to how deeply localised marginalisation intersects with broader state and national issues.
Dutta points out that the kind of individuals that they meet in Assam’s prison system are different from the mainland. She adds one may meet former dissidents who find themselves in the prisons, owing to the fact that there are cases still going on against them when they took up arms against the State. She also adds that certain prisons, designated as detention centres, were used to house individuals perceived as non-citizens.
“As per the notification from the Government of Assam, prisons became detention centres for illegal migrants and boys from juvenile correctional homes – which is against the law,” she says. There are also instances where we interact with boys under the age of 18 who are often housed in the prisons for being in conflict with the law.
“We can cannot even say that Guwahati prisons would be representative of Assam’s prisons, because there are many districts like, for instance, in the remote areas like Hailakhandi, Diphu where the demographic mix and the needs of the residents would be very different from those in Guwahati, or in the Central Jails,” says Atreya.
“It is more complex than the simple narrative that there is only overcrowding or only mental health issues. Yes, there are these issues, but there are so many nuances to these issues that get missed out,” says Atreya.
Practical challenges and systemic barriers
Despite its dedication, Studio Nilima’s efforts often encounter systemic challenges. The organisation has mapped out prisons and observed the stark differences between central and district jails in Assam.
District facilities frequently suffer from inadequate resources, making it challenging to maintain humane conditions for residents. “Many prisons are so under-resourced that even basic sanitation and medical needs remain unmet,” Dutta points out, adding that residents often face compounded and cumulative trauma due to their poor socioeconomic conditions.
Conversations with prison staff reveal a shared struggle. Underpaid and overworked, staff often form unexpected solidarities with residents, reflecting a shared sense of being overlooked by a system that prioritises punitive measures over reformative efforts.
Studio Nilima’s projects also expose gaps in policy, particularly in how reforms are devised without consulting those most affected. “The prison system in Assam, as in many parts of India, operates under a hierarchical mindset,” Dutta observes. “For real change to happen, the system must embrace a consultative approach involving legal experts, social activists, including prison officials and the incarcerated community.”
Through public forums, discussions, and ongoing legal services, Studio Nilima seeks to bridge this gap. Their work, marked by collaboration and deep community involvement, is setting the stage for policies that reflect the complex reality of Assam’s justice landscape.
Studio Nilima is working towards justice that is inclusive and empathetic, something Dutta believes will occur when the realms of law, history, and community engagement meet to create a space where meaningful discourse and actionable change meet.
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How to onboard the right SEO partner in 2025
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SEO is rapidly evolving with AI-driven search experiences reshaping strategies. In 2025, staying competitive means focusing on market share, content optimisation, and efficient execution. With over 6,700 SEO service providers in India (registered on Clutch) and a global shift toward automation and AI, finding the right partner has never been more crucial.
The right agency doesn’t just address immediate goals—it builds a foundation for measurable growth and long-term success. However, the path to achieving this is not without its complexities.
The SEO challenge in 2025
SEO, for years, has been one of the most critical pillars of digital success, yet it remains misunderstood by many. India’s SEO market is booming, but saturation brings its challenges. This year presents both significant opportunities and complex challenges, requiring CMOs and other decision-makers to tread carefully when entrusting their digital growth to an agency.
Key challenges
- Algorithm updates: Search engines prioritise trust, user experience, and technical metrics like Core Web Vitals. Agencies must adapt continuously to these changes.
- AI and automation: Automation improves efficiency, but strategic direction is essential for ensuring alignment with business goals.
- Global competition: Businesses must address regional search nuances. Multilingual SEO plays a critical role in reaching India’s diverse audience, while mobile-first strategies dominate global markets.
According to HubSpot’s 2024 report, search, websites, and blogs deliver the highest ROI, making SEO the top priority for marketers looking to maximise their investments.
High-stakes decisions
Choosing the wrong SEO partner can lead to wasted resources and harm reputations. The right partner delivers:
- High ROI: SEO remains one of the most efficient digital marketing channels.
- Sustained visibility: Strong SEO provides consistent relevance, even as algorithms evolve.
- Trust and growth: Builds long-term credibility and higher conversions.
Why the challenges are growing in 2025
SEO continues to be misunderstood despite its role as a core pillar of digital success. Amid these challenges, the urgency to adopt SEO as a strategic priority has never been greater. Businesses that fail to act risk being overshadowed by competitors who are already leveraging advanced SEO tactics to secure a competitive edge and drive rapid growth.
The competitive edge you can’t ignore
SEO is no longer just an option—it’s a necessity to stay ahead of the competition. Many businesses have already embraced SEO as a core marketing channel, leveraging the expertise of agencies to achieve rapid growth.
By adopting advanced SEO strategies, competitors are dominating search rankings, attracting high-intent customers, and driving significant revenue growth. If your business isn’t investing in SEO, it risks falling behind in a crowded digital space. Missing out on implementing SEO strategies means:
- Your competitors are winning: Competitors who partner with skilled SEO agencies are gaining a massive edge, building visibility, trust, and authority in your industry. With 75% of marketers believing personalised experiences lead to increased sales, businesses leveraging tailored SEO strategies gain a competitive edge over lagging competitors.
- Lost opportunities: Every day without a robust SEO strategy is a day your competitors are converting leads that could have been yours.
- Not staying relevant: Search engines reward active and optimised efforts. If your business doesn’t adapt, it risks losing long-term relevance and market share.
Achieving this level of growth requires more than just implementation—it demands expertise that aligns technical precision, strategic planning, and a deep understanding of industry dynamics to deliver meaningful results.
![seo search engine optimization](https://images.yourstory.com/cs/2/ba6b0930e8cd11edbf1c2f9de7fdeb77/81-1686212096171.png?fm=png&auto=format&w=800)
Why SEO success demands expertise
In 2025, SEO extends beyond rankings, requiring a system that aligns technical precision, content strategies, and data-driven decisions with business objectives.
Key Insights
- Specialised strategies: SaaS brands target lead generation, while e-commerce focuses on product visibility.
- Data utilisation: Predictive analytics increases lead conversion rates by a huge margin. HubSpot reports that businesses using AI in content creation see 84% efficiency improvement and create more personalised, effective campaigns, driving greater impact.
- Global and local understanding: Multilingual efforts improve audience engagement in diverse regions.
Brands like Myntra and Amazon succeed by partnering with experts who understand industry-specific challenges and opportunities. However partnering with experts is just the first step—what truly sets a great SEO agency apart is its ability to combine proven experience, technical expertise, and a strategic approach tailored to your business needs.
What makes a great SEO agency
The best agencies combine proven experience, technical skills, and a client-focused approach. Some key qualities to look out for include a track record of expertise and proven expertise in the field, a strong technical team that can handle complex challenges, and the drive to craft tailored strategies aligned with your business objectives rather than cookie-cutter solutions.
A great SEO agency not only implements effective strategies but also delivers measurable outcomes and long-term advantages that go beyond rankings—benefits that are both tangible and strategic.
The benefits of SEO: Tangible and beyond
A strong SEO campaign balances measurable outcomes with adaptability. It offers tangible benefits like increased visibility through optimised keywords and technical improvements, conversions that directly connect site performance to revenue, and transparent reporting to ensure efforts align with goals.
There are also certain intangible perks to SEO, namely, a greater market understanding that reflects industry specifics, as well as adaptability, which helps maintain relevance through algorithm updates, and increased collaboration and integration with internal teams, which maximises a campaign’s success.
How to evaluate SEO agencies
Choosing the right partner involves asking the right questions:
- Case Studies: Can the agency show measurable success?
- Technical Expertise: How do they handle audits and updates?
- Thought Leadership: Are they recognised for setting industry standards?
- Trend Adaptation: Can they leverage emerging trends like zero-click content?
Questions to ask while evaluating
- How do you structure your communication and reporting processes?
- How do you ensure alignment between your efforts and our business goals?
Selecting an SEO partner in 2025 means moving beyond surface-level promises. The best agencies simplify the complexities of SEO while becoming strategic allies in your growth journey. Quality over cost is crucial. Low-cost agencies often cut corners, leading to missed opportunities and compromised results.
SEO in 2025 is a necessity for brands aiming to grow in an increasingly competitive industry. The right partner will go above and beyond delivering rankings, helping your business achieve sustainable growth and long-term relevance. By aligning with a team that understands your vision and has a proven track record of driving success, companies can set the stage for a brighter digital future.
(Nitin Manchanda is the Founder and Chief SEO Consultant at Botpresso.)
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Mudrex rides the crypto wave; Why India is “super important” for Freshworks
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Hello,
Something strange is brewing in the alco-bev sector, and it’s not the weekend buzz.
Johnnie Walker maker Diageo appears to have stumbled into a regulatory storm, amid accusations by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) of attempting to influence favourable government decisions, Reuters reported.
To add to its woes, it is also one of the several alco-bev makers waiting on repayments of a hefty IOU from an Indian state, worth under half a billion dollars.
Diageo, Pernod Ricard and Carlsberg are demanding unpaid dues of about $466 million from Telangana, while Heineken has halted supplies altogether to southern Telangana, India’s biggest beer consumer.
Coming on the heels of a still-active investigation by the country’s anti-trust body into accusations of price collusion by Anheuser-Busch InBev and Pernod, this is just the latest in a series of regulatory challenges for the liquor industry in India.
Meanwhile, even globally, happy hours aren’t enough of a pick-me-up for liquor brands anymore, especially after the US Surgeon General’s call for cancer warnings on alcoholic drink labels earlier last week sent shares slipping for brands worldwide.
ICYMI: Is 2025 set to be the year of the teetotaller? The numbers say: potentially.
Here’s to your health!
In today’s newsletter, we will talk about
- Mudrex grows on crypto euphoria
- Why India is “super important” for Freshworks
- 158,000 startups and counting
Here’s your trivia for today: What was the name given to the first plane bought by Amelia Earhart?
Cryptocurrency
Mudrex grows on crypto euphoria
Indian crypto investment platform Mudrex said it saw a 200% rise in its user base in 2024 as the company doubled down on building customer relationships and focusing on educating its users.
“We put in a lot of effort in helping people understand what crypto is … giving them a sense of how they can participate in investing in crypto without risking a lot and figuring out what’s the right balance between risk and reward,” said Edul Patel, Co-founder and CEO at Mudrex in an interview with YourStory.
Key takeaways:
- Mudrex has also clocked in a 20X surge in monthly trading volume, touching $200 million. This refers to the total value of all trades executed on the platform.
- “India remains the company’s primary focus. “Our primary focus right now continues to stay in India. And we want to double down and first grow in India. And then as time progresses, take steps to move out,” Patel added.
- The company, which has received the Virtual Asset Service Provider registration in the European Union, is now in the process of applying for MiCA licence which is a permit to operate crypto-related services in the European Union.
![Mudrex co founder Edul Patel](https://images.yourstory.com/cs/2/47afd43024ec11ec9ecb9b7afb0df1da/MudrexGrowthFeatureImage-1736494779057.jpg?fm=png&auto=format&w=800)
Top Funding Deals of the Week
Startup: Innovaccer
Amount: $275M
Round: Series F
Startup: Fincorp
Amount: $35M
Round: Equity
Startup: Botanic Healthcare
Amount: Rs 250 Cr
Round: Equity
SaaS
Why India is “super important” for Freshworks
Freshworks CEO Dennis Woodside believes leveraging India’s vast engineering and software talent remains crucial for the software-as-a-service (SaaS) provider to innovate and expand globally.
“We have over 3,800 employees here spread across Hyderabad, Bengaluru, and Chennai. We built virtually all of our products—almost all of our code—here in India,” Woodside says in an exclusive interaction with YourStory.
Being bullish:
- Beyond being a development hub for Freshworks, India is also a crucial market in the CX (customer experience) segment to assist customers with vast user bases—PhonePe being a prominent example.
- Freshworks’ growth has been fueled by its latest AI offerings, most notably Freddy AI, an easy-to-deploy autonomous service agent built to enhance CX and employee experience. “We’ve been able to scale to support customers with millions of interactions with their end customers,” Woodside says.
- Freshworks is also bullish on nurturing the nation’s talent and providing pathways for professional growth. Its STS Software Academy equips underprivileged high school graduates with advanced tech skills.
![Dennis Woodside](https://images.yourstory.com/cs/2/fe056c90507811eea8de27f99b086345/CopyofNewPPTTemplates64-1736415805234.jpg?fm=png&auto=format&w=800)
Startup Ecosystem
158,000 startups and counting
India’s startup ecosystem has grown exponentially since the launch of the Startup India initiative in 2016, with the number of startups surging from around 400 then to over 158,000 today, according to the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT).
Up and up:
- The ecosystem’s reach is broadening with 48% of startups now originating from Tier II and III cities, DPIIT Joint Secretary Sanjiv Singh noted.
- India’s unicorn count has expanded dramatically, increasing from eight in 2016 to 118 by 2024. The sector has also created over 1.7 million jobs, he added.
- Key policy boosts, including removing the angel tax in the last Budget and launching the Fund of Funds for Startups scheme in 2016 have contributed to this growth.
![Amardeep Singh](https://images.yourstory.com/cs/2/a09f22505c6411ea9c48a10bad99c62f/AmardeepIASTwitterPreview-1736516499714.jpg?fm=png&auto=format&w=800)
News & updates
- Great debate: The US Supreme Court will hear arguments about the future of TikTok on Friday, only nine days before a federal law is set to ban the social media platform in the US if it isn’t sold by its Chinese parent company.
- Shelved: Disney’s ESPN, Fox Corp, and Warner Bros Discovery aren’t moving forward with their joint streaming venture Venu Sports, calling off what would have been a major bet as the industry’s dynamics shift rapidly.
- AI boom: Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co, the world’s largest contract chipmaker, reported on Friday fourth-quarter revenue that easily beat market forecasts and hit its own expectations as it reaped the benefit of AI demand.
What was the name given to the first plane bought by Amelia Earhart?
Answer: Canary.
We would love to hear from you! To let us know what you liked and disliked about our newsletter, please mail [email protected].
If you don’t already get this newsletter in your inbox, sign up here. For past editions of the YourStory Buzz, you can check our Daily Capsule page here.
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The rise of hyperlocal marketing: How FMCG brands are connecting with diverse regional markets
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In today’s fast-paced, competitive environment, providing customers with a personalised experience is more crucial than ever. That is where hyperlocal marketing steps in. It helps the brands connect on a different level by zeroing in on other locations, local preferences and languages and cultures. Hyperlocal marketing is becoming the need of the hour for FMCG brands to not only exist but to compete in today’s rapidly evolving market.
What is hyperlocal marketing?
Hyperlocal marketing refers to tailoring marketing efforts to particular local areas, which sometimes can be focused on a relatively small radius around a business location.
This means adjusting campaigns to fit the tastes, needs, and behaviours of people in the local areas. The ultimate target of hyperlocal marketing is ready-to-buy customers, making it a good tool for increasing sales, building brand loyalty, and fostering stronger community connections.
Brands have learned that one size does not fit all in the consumer marketplace of today. Brands have to evolve and fit into the varied demands of the market to stay relevant, making sure products are priced right, and marketed directly to the consumer.
The rise of a focused approach
Technological advances and changes in consumer behaviour are helping in the growth of the hyperlocal marketing model. The deep penetration of both smartphones and the internet is opening doors for businesses to communicate directly with customers in Tier II and III cities.
This has led brands to focus on creating content relevant to specific regions to address the cultural and linguistic identity of local consumers and thus, improve engagement as well as returns on investments.
Hyperlocal strategy is cheaper compared to the other traditional broad-spectrum marketing tactics, as it is more targeted at delivering specific results by having a small, well-defined audience to target.
For instance, instead of going for a nationwide campaign, one may go for the specific product in a region where they know it is in great demand. This saves money and boosts the effectiveness of a campaign.
The art of digital localisation
Digital marketing localisation is a key component of hyperlocal strategies. It translates to tailoring content, campaigns, and messaging according to regional linguistic and cultural preferences.
The most central element remains language, as having websites and advertisements translated along with social media posts into local languages makes content more accessible and relatable.
Localisation, however, is more than just translation. It demands cultural adaptation to ensure that the tone, imagery, and references come across authentically to the reader. For example, a regional festival, tradition, or icon in an ad can help consumers feel emotionally attached to the brand, leading to loyalty and trust.
Leveraging technology for personalisation
Technological developments like geo-targeting and data analytics further reinforce hyperlocal marketing. Geo-targeting allows brands to serve appropriate offers or content for users from the same geographical location in which they exist. Hence, it can also be significantly deployed to know the regional requirements.
Amazon and Flipkart, among the other big ecommerce companies, dominate at geo-targeting—suggesting products that may best suit a specific local preference, shipping options, and discounts. They evaluate customer data and provide customized solutions according to market preference.
The hyperlocal strategies are also supported by social media platforms. Social media helps brands create campaigns based on region, work with local influencers, and target ads at specific audiences.
An uplift for FMCG brands
Hyperlocal marketing has proven to be an important tool in reaching diverse markets for FMCG brands. They mostly work across various cultural and economic backgrounds and hence need to attend to local tastes and expectations. They can, by using hyperlocal strategies, connect better with the customer, enhance visibility for their brand, and get an edge in their reputation as a reliable local brand.
Hyperlocal marketing also boosts word-of-mouth promotion, the most potent weapon for establishing trust. Customers are more likely to talk about a brand which is making authentic efforts to understand their needs and preferences.
The road ahead
The growth of the internet in small towns as well as rural setups can expand the horizon of prospects for hyper-local marketing. Increasing mobile adaption with localized search preference represents something big for brands—being able to attract new customer profiles while furthering their foothold in different markets.
With a deep understanding of the cultural subtleties and preferences of the local communities, hyperlocal marketing can portray brands as trustworthy and relevant companions for their customers. As companies continue to grow, such a niche approach can become an anchor for meaningful relations and business growth in FMCG.
Kush Aggarwal, Head of Marketing, Bikano
(Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of YourStory.)
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