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Government proposes self-declaration with regard to proof of origin under Customs law

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To promote ease of doing business, the government has proposed self-certification with regard to the proof of origin of a product being imported from an FTA nation for seeking duty concessions.

In a free trade agreement (FTA), customs duties on the maximum number of goods traded between two countries are either significantly reduced or eliminated.

At present, to seek these concessions, an importer has to furnish a proof or a ‘certificate of origin’ of that product from that FTA partner.

“Section 28 DA is being amended to enable the acceptance of different types of proof of origin provided in trade agreements in order to align the said section with new trade agreements, which provide for self-certification,” according to the Budget documents.

The document said “proof of origin” means a certificate or declaration issued in accordance with a trade agreement certifying or declaring, as the case may be, that the goods fulfil the country of origin criteria and other requirements specified in an agreement.

An amendment in the Customs Act has been proposed to replace the word “certificate” with “proof”.

Think tank GTRI said the FTA tariff preferences can be obtained by the importer submitting either a certificate of origin issued by an agency in the FTA partner country or by self-certification by the exporter.

Each FTA specifies the method is acceptable to importing country Customs.

In this Budget, the customs has amended Section 28DA of the Customs Act. In the amended version, the term “proof of origin” will mean both the certificate of origin and self-certification.

Section 28 DA of the Customs Act of 1962 deals with the FTAs Rules of Origins and CAROTAR (Customs (Administration of Rules of Origin under Trade Agreements) Rules 2020.

GTRI Founder Ajay Srivastava said these rules seek to ensure that importers provide adequate proof that goods claiming FTA tariff concessions meet all rules of origin criteria. However, in doing so, they impose additional conditions beyond those agreed in the trade pact.

“For example, the FTA text places the responsibility on the certificate issuing authority to verify production details and value addition. However, the CAROTAR Rules require importers to have sufficient information about the regional value content and product-specific criteria specified in the trade agreement,” he said.

He added that importers must provide this information as required by the CAROTAR rules or risk losing FTA tariff concessions.

The rules also state that having a certificate of origin from an issuing authority does not relieve importers of the responsibility to exercise reasonable care, he said.

Rajat Bose, Partner, Shardul Amarchand Mangaldas & Co., said the amendment to accept different types of proof of origin is a forward thinking change for ease of doing business.





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Google Cloud to boost support for early-stage AI startups with new programmes, partnerships

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Google has rolled out a range of programmes and partnerships to accelerate the growth of AI startups In India. The initiatives, announced at an AI Startups Summit in Bengaluru, will support early-stage AI founders in building, scaling, and expanding their customer base through the utilisation of Google Cloud services.

 

The tech giant recently introduced Emerging ISV Partner Springboard—a 12-week programme designed to fuel growth for AI startups. Participants will benefit from hands-on support in creating go-to-market assets, consultations with Google AI experts for product refinement, guidance on technical architecture best practices, and streamlined onboarding to Google Cloud Marketplace. 

“Google is committed to empowering AI startups to drive innovation and growth. These initiatives demonstrate our dedication to providing critical support and resources to early-stage founders, helping them build and scale successful AI-powered businesses,” said Manish Gupta, Senior Director, Research, Google DeepMind. 

During a fireside chat at the Global Google Cloud Summit, Google Cloud CEO Thomas Kurian applauded startups leveraging AI and cloud technology

“At Google Cloud, our mission is to support these pioneers by providing the essential tools, resources, and mentorship they need to thrive. Through strategic partnerships, tailored programs, and advanced infrastructure, we are committed to enabling businesses to scale their impact and drive the next wave of digital transformation,” said Kurian. 

Early-stage founders will receive enhanced support through the Google for Startups Cloud Program, which will offer $200,000 in Google Cloud credits over two years. AI-based startups will receive even greater support, receiving $350,000 in credits to address the demanding computational needs of advanced AI development, the company said in a statement. 

In addition, Google has collaborated with Y Combinator to provide exclusive access to NVIDIA H100 GPUs and Google Cloud TPUs, along with cloud credits, support, and mentorship for its Summer 2024 group of AI-focused startups.

Furthermore, the tech giant is also joining forces with early-stage accelerators and incubators such as 500, StartX, and Berkeley Skydeck to provide early-stage founders with a special package, including Google Cloud credits, expert advice, and technical workshops

Earlier, the California-headquartered firm also announced the launch of Startup School: GenAI, a four-week training programme designed to help startups leverage AI.





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Future in the Making: Top 10 Mega Projects Shaping Our World Beyond 2030

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Mega projects represent the pinnacle of human ambition and engineering prowess, often involving colossal investments and extensive timelines. As we look beyond 2030, several monumental undertakings are set to reshape our world. Here’s an in-depth exploration of the top 10 most expensive megaprojects slated for completion after 2030.

10. Microsoft and OpenAI Data Center and Supercomputer – $100 Billion

In a bold move to advance artificial intelligence, Microsoft and OpenAI are collaborating on a data center project estimated at $100 billion. Dubbed “Stargate,” this U.S.-based facility aims to house an AI supercomputer equipped with millions of specialized chips, pushing the boundaries of AI capabilities. The project is currently in the planning stages, with operations expected to commence by 2028.

9. Forest City in Malaysia – $100 Billion

Forest City, a visionary urban development in Johor, Malaysia, encompasses four man-made islands spanning 30 square kilometers. Designed as a smart and green city, it integrates vertical greenery and cutting-edge technology to create an idyllic living environment. Despite initial challenges, including low occupancy rates, recent initiatives such as the establishment of a duty-free zone aim to revitalize the project and attract both residents and investors.

8. California High-Speed Railway – $100 Billion

The California High-Speed Rail project seeks to connect major cities across the state with a fast, efficient transportation system. With an estimated cost of $100 billion, the project has faced delays and budget overruns. However, construction is progressing, with segments in the Central Valley under development. Completion is anticipated in the 2030s, promising to transform travel within California.

7. Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor – $100 Billion

The Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) is an ambitious infrastructure project aimed at developing industrial zones between India’s capital, Delhi, and its financial hub, Mumbai. Spanning 1,500 kilometers, the corridor includes smart cities, industrial clusters, and high-speed freight lines. With an investment of $100 billion, the project is set to boost economic growth and is expected to be completed in phases, extending beyond 2030.

6. King Abdullah Economic City – $100 Billion

Located along Saudi Arabia’s Red Sea coast, King Abdullah Economic City (KAEC) is a massive development project covering 173 square kilometers. With an investment of $100 billion, KAEC aims to diversify the nation’s economy by attracting global businesses and tourists. The city features residential areas, industrial zones, and a major port. While parts of the city are operational, full completion is projected for the 2030s.

5. Silk City in Kuwait – $132 Billion

Kuwait’s Silk City, or Madinat al-Hareer, is a planned urban area intended to transform the nation’s economy. With an estimated cost of $132 billion, the project includes the construction of the world’s tallest tower, residential areas, and a free trade zone. The development aims to position Kuwait as a regional hub for commerce and tourism, with completion expected after 2030.

4. New International Space Station – $230 Billion

As the current International Space Station (ISS) approaches the end of its operational life, plans are underway for a new space station. With an estimated budget of $230 billion, this next-generation orbital platform will support scientific research, commercial activities, and international collaboration. Construction is expected to begin in the late 2020s, with full operations commencing in the 2030s.

3. Gulf Railway – $250 Billion

The Gulf Railway project aims to connect the six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries—Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates, and Oman—through a 2,177-kilometer rail network. With an estimated cost of $250 billion, the railway will facilitate trade and travel across the region. While progress has been slow, recent commitments suggest completion is targeted for the early 2030s.

2. Neom City – $500 Billion

Neom is Saudi Arabia’s flagship mega-project, envisioned as a futuristic city powered entirely by renewable energy. With a staggering budget of $500 billion, Neom aims to incorporate smart city technologies, sustainable living, and advanced robotics. The project includes The Line, a 170-kilometer linear city designed to house 9 million residents. Construction is underway, with significant milestones expected in the 2030s.

1. Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) – $600 Billion

The Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) is an ambitious initiative by the European Union to enhance connectivity across the continent. With an estimated investment of $600 billion, the project encompasses roads, railways, airports, and waterways, aiming to facilitate the seamless movement of goods and people. The comprehensive network is slated for completion by 2050, with significant progress expected post-2030.

These mega projects exemplify human ingenuity and the relentless pursuit of progress. As they come to fruition in the coming decades, they promise to reshape economies, enhance connectivity, and pave the way for a more interconnected world.





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The Trillion-Dollar AI Showdown: Microsoft, Google, and Meta in the Race to Dominate Tech’s Next Frontier

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has swiftly transitioned from a futuristic concept to a cornerstone of modern technology, reshaping industries and daily life. Leading this transformation are tech giants Microsoft, Google, and Meta, each investing billions into AI development. This article delves into their strategies, financial commitments, and the broader implications of this trillion-dollar AI race.

Microsoft: Integrating AI Across the Board

Microsoft has seamlessly woven AI into its suite of products, enhancing user experience and productivity. A notable example is Copilot, an AI assistant embedded in applications like Word and Excel, designed to streamline tasks and boost efficiency. This integration has resonated with enterprises; nearly 70% of Fortune 500 companies have adopted Copilot, with firms like Vodafone reporting weekly time savings of approximately three hours per employee.

Financially, Microsoft’s AI endeavors are yielding significant returns. In the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2024, the company reported a 16% increase in revenue, totaling $65.6 billion. This growth was largely driven by Azure and cloud services, which saw a 33% increase in revenue, with 12 percentage points stemming from AI-related products and services.

To support this AI expansion, Microsoft has invested heavily in infrastructure. The company spent $20 billion in the recent quarter, evenly divided between building data centers and acquiring computing equipment like servers and AI chips. This substantial investment underscores Microsoft’s commitment to meeting the growing demand for AI services.

Google: Building a Comprehensive AI Ecosystem

Google’s approach to AI focuses on developing a complete stack, from hardware to software, to create powerful and efficient systems. The company has made significant strides in AI integration, with AI now generating about 25% of all new code at Google, subsequently reviewed by human engineers before deployment.

The impact of AI on Google’s services is evident. Google Lens handles over 20 billion visual searches each month, and AI-enhanced search features serve more than a billion people across 100 countries. In the business sector, Google Cloud, which houses the company’s AI services, grew 35% in the recent quarter, generating $11.4 billion in revenue.

To sustain this growth, Google invested $13 billion in the recent quarter, with $7 billion directed toward new data center construction specifically for AI. The company relies on a mix of custom Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) chips and Nvidia’s GPUs to power its AI initiatives.

Meta: Embracing Open-Source AI

Meta has taken a unique approach by adopting an open-source strategy for its AI development. This means making some of its AI tools and models available to the public, fostering collaboration and innovation within the programming community.

The integration of AI into Meta’s social platforms has been substantial. AI-driven recommendations have increased time spent on Facebook by 8% and on Instagram by 6%. In the advertising domain, over a million advertisers used Meta’s AI tools last month alone to create more than 15 million ads, boosting conversion rates by about 7% for businesses utilizing AI-generated images.

Meta’s commitment to AI is further demonstrated by its investment of $9.2 billion in the recent quarter, with around 60% allocated directly to servers and AI-specific hardware. The company follows a strict five-year cycle for updating its equipment, ensuring it remains at the forefront of technological advancements.

The Broader Implications

The combined efforts of Microsoft, Google, and Meta highlight a collective belief in AI’s transformative potential. In a single quarter, these three companies collectively generated approximately $182.5 billion in revenue, with a net income of about $66.7 billion. This excludes other tech giants like Amazon and Apple, underscoring the massive scale of investment and return in the AI sector.

However, these advancements come with challenges. Building data centers is a complex endeavor, often taking up to two years and requiring locations with sufficient power and cooling capabilities. Additionally, the energy consumption of these centers is significant, prompting companies like Google to commit to powering their AI data centers with nuclear energy, aiming to generate 500 megawatts of carbon-free power.





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