Startup
Why Losing Weight Feels Impossible: The Science Behind Your Struggle
Losing weight is tough, and unfortunately, your body is working against you at every turn. As a biological machine, your body operates according to the laws of thermodynamics, requiring energy and raw materials to function, which is why you need to eat. The energy from food is measured in calories, and you need a specific amount to fuel your internal systems. Your brain processes thoughts, your heart pumps blood, your digestive system processes food, and your immune system defends against threats. Additionally, you use your muscles to move.
The more strenuous the activity, the more calories you burn. For example, an hour of walking burns around 260 calories, moderate swimming burns 430, biking 600, and running 700. If you consume more calories than you expend, your body stores the excess as fat. One kilogram (or two pounds) of fat is roughly 7,000 calories. It seems straightforward: to lose weight, you need to burn more calories than you consume, thus converting fat back into energy.
The Myth of the Workout
We often believe that exercising is a surefire way to lose weight. However, this isn’t entirely accurate. Recent studies have shown that the amount of calories burned through exercise is often less significant than we think.
A few years ago, scientists compared populations in industrialised societies, who typically sit a lot, to hunter-gatherer communities, who are much more active. For instance, the Hadza people in Tanzania walk an average of 9 kilometers a day, engaging in activities like hunting, gathering, and collecting water. Despite their high activity levels, the Hadza burn the same number of calories per day as the average person in an industrialised country: about 1,900 calories for women and 2,600 for men. This paradoxical finding suggests that the total number of calories burned daily is relatively stable regardless of activity levels.
Active people who exercise regularly do burn slightly more calories than those who are inactive, but the difference is often minimal – sometimes as little as 100 calories, equivalent to a single apple. It turns out that your body has a fixed daily calorie expenditure that it aims to maintain, regardless of lifestyle. If you want to gain muscle by lifting weights, you need to eat more to build and sustain that muscle. But overall, your body’s total calorie budget remains fairly constant.
Why Your Body Sabotages Weight Loss
When you start working out regularly, your body might compensate by making you less active in other areas of your life. You might take the elevator instead of the stairs, sit more when socialising or sleep longer, effectively balancing out the extra calories burned through exercise. This subconscious adjustment can hinder weight loss efforts.
Initially, if you drastically change your sedentary lifestyle and start exercising without increasing your caloric intake, you will burn more calories and lose weight. However, this effect is short-lived. Over time, your body adapts, reducing the extra calories burned until it returns to its original calorie budget. This adaptation explains why the weight loss from exercise alone often plateaus after a few months.
Why Exercise is Still Important
Your body has a hardwired daily activity budget that evolved when humans had to move a lot for survival. In times of abundant food and voluntary exercise, your body reallocates unused energy to other systems. This can lead to negative outcomes, such as increased chronic inflammation and stress.
When your immune system detects an injury or infection, it triggers inflammation, a crucial response that can cause damage if not managed efficiently. Chronic inflammation is linked to serious diseases like cancer and heart failure. With excess calories available, your immune system may overcommit to inflammation, exacerbating these issues.
Additionally, your body produces hormones like cortisol, the stress hormone. While essential for survival in acute situations, excess cortisol from chronic stress can lead to numerous health problems, including mental health issues. Our ancestors needed this hormone to handle sudden bursts of activity, but in modern sedentary lifestyles, it can be harmful.
Exercise helps restore physical balance, reducing chronic inflammation and stress, improving heart health, and potentially easing depression. While it might not be a magic bullet for burning fat, regular exercise offers significant health benefits and contributes to a higher quality of life.
Why Humans Are So Hungry
Our ancestors had to work hard for calories, sometimes moving long distances to find food. If extra movement burned significantly more calories, it could lead to a cycle of starvation. Thus, humans evolved to move efficiently without burning excessive calories. This efficiency helped ensure survival during times of food scarcity.
Today, the obesity epidemic is primarily driven by overeating rather than inactivity. Humans have evolved to crave calories because of our energy-hungry brains and dependent children. The human brain consumes about 20% of our resting calories, twice as much as our closest ape relatives. This high demand for calories helped us become efficient calorie harvesters, but in modern times, it has contributed to overeating.
In ancestral societies, members would share food, ensuring no one went hungry. This social behavior, coupled with our efficient calorie harvesting abilities, is deeply ingrained in us. However, in today’s world of abundant food, this trait has turned against us, leading to overproduction and overeating.
While exercising may not help you lose as much weight as you hoped, it is crucial for maintaining balance in your body and preventing many diseases. By understanding the complexities of weight loss and the role of exercise, you can adopt healthier habits and enjoy a better quality of life.
Startup
Zepto raises additional $350M, its third funding round in 6 months as it expands rapidly
Quick commerce player Zepto has raised another $350 million in a funding round led exclusively by Motilal Oswal’s Private Wealth division, along with investment from Indian HNIs and family offices.
The round saw participation from Motilal Oswal AMC, Claypond Capital, Raamdeo Agarwal, along with family offices of the Taparias, Mankind Pharma, RP Sanjiv Goenka Group, Cello, Haldiram Snacks, Sekhsaria, Kalyan, Happy Forgings, and Mothers Recipe (Desai Brothers).
The round, one of the largest domestic fundraises for a private startup in the country, comes just three months after Zepto closed its extended capital infusion with an investment of $340 million at a $5 billion valuation. This is Zepto’s third round in the last six months.
In June this year, it raised $665 million from new and existing investors, adding Avenir, Lightspeed and Avra to its captable. It currently operates more than 550 dark stores across 17 cities.
The latest round, which takes the total fundraise this year to $1.35 billion, also witnessed participation from celebrities like Abhishek Amitabh Bachchan and Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar.
“Motilal Oswal is a strong believer in the future of digital businesses, particularly quick commerce players like Zepto, as potential free cash flow powerhouses, “ noted Ashish Shanker, MD and CEO, Motilal Oswal Private Wealth in a press note.
Earlier this week, Motilal Oswal Financial Services marked its coverage on Swiggy with a neutral rating. The brokerage flagged that Zepto holds a higher market share than Swiggy in the quick commerce segment. Based on Q1 FY25 numbers, Blinkit is leading with a 46% market share, while Zepto and Instamart both hold 29% and 25% market share, respectively.
This comes just days after Zepto announced its plans to roll out Zepto Cafe nationwide as the service exceeded more than Rs 160 crore annualised revenue run-rate, with 15% of the company’s dark store network sustaining at the unit economics level. It expects to build the cafe into a Rs 1,000 crore revenue business by next year by launching more than 100 new cafes every month.
Focus on Cafe services out of its quick commerce arm is in line with Zepto pushing up average order values on the platform, with users ordering small snacks and drinks along with larger grocery orders.
This comes as investors and analysts closely track category mix and average order value across platforms in a space that is seeing traction from larger ecommerce spaces as well as retail giants.
Startup
Bounce turns EBIT positive in September, to double down on B2B offerings: CEO
EV maker Bounce Infinity has been no stranger to pivots. From starting out in 2014 as a premium bike rental company which offered two-wheelers across a range of brands from Harley Davidson to Ducati to later becoming a scooter rental service in 2016, the team has worn multiple caps.
In 2018, the company adopted a dockless bike-sharing model which allowed users to drop their vehicles after use within the city limits. However, it was severely hit by the pandemic, which halted urban mobility.
Finally in 2021, Bounce entered the EV ecosystem and has since managed to significantly narrow its net losses consecutively until FY23. The company is yet to file its FY24 results, but according to Vivekananda Hallekere, CEO and co-founder of Bounce, it turned EBIT positive in September for the first time and is on track to clock in Rs 100 crore in revenue in FY25.
In a conversation with YourStory, Hallekere details Bounce’s overseas ambitions and how it intends to double down on its business-to-business (B2B) offerings amidst a boom in the e-commerce and quick commerce space.
YS: India’s electric mobility space is seeing intense competition. How is Bounce Infinity hoping to stay ahead of the curve in this ecosystem?
Vivekananda: Our learnings from managing a fleet of 30,000 scooters in our ride-sharing business, covering over 200 million kilometres, gave us an in-depth understanding of what is required in electric two-wheelers. So we’ve built our scooters like a platform where we can keep moving up in terms of the battery tech and motor tech. We don’t have to redo the whole vehicle. We made certain design choices very early in our journey which makes us stay very agile and flexible.
We are probably the only Indian OEM today which has been able to integrate with battery swapping operators. So today for any delivery use case where gig workers don’t have space to park their vehicle and charge their scooter, they can use our scooters. That is one thing we have done.
Second is the battery swapping itself, where we have integrated with multiple battery swapping operators. So you can just come, start riding, you don’t have to worry about range, you don’t have to worry about where to charge, and you pay, it’s like a variable cost, and you don’t have to worry about battery life, warranty, etc. So these things have helped us focus on certain use cases, without having to burn a lot of money.
YS: How are you hoping to expand your business-to-consumer (B2C) services, going forward?
Vivekananda: There is intense competition in the B2C segment today. Everyone is losing at a bomb cost level, which means that you should have had a lot of money in the bank, as in you should have raised a lot of funds, or you can’t do this. So we have taken a different approach.
For the first two years, we focused on B2C, and we sold across India to dealers, etc. But once this marketing and burn intensified, we started focusing on use cases where people need high uptime, high reliability, and flexibility in terms of solution. So we have gone after those use cases. One of such use cases is the B2B use case that we are talking about. In the last two quarters, we worked closely with logistics companies and quick commerce companies.
We recognised challenges faced by gig workers, like lack of credit and charging infrastructure and the company developed a plug-and-play EV leasing solution for logistics firms.
By offering long-term leases that include vehicle maintenance, insurance, and energy costs at 30% lower than alternatives, they remove vehicle ownership hurdles. This enables logistics firms to scale rapidly by hiring workers without vehicles and promotes loyalty by offering lease-to-own options for gig workers.
We’ve solved the scooter part of the equation, where they sign up long-term leases. Now the logistics company can go find people who don’t have a scooter to work with them. So in the last quarter, we have added close to 3,000 scooters for them.
We have offered a seamless long-term lease solution, managing everything from vehicle recovery to ownership transfer. Gig workers can even own the vehicle in 26-48 months, which fosters loyalty and ease for delivery companies.
YS: All models of Bounce Infinity have a detachable battery to accommodate battery swapping. How do you think the battery swapping ecosystem in India is growing today?
Vivekananda: We have two large operators, BatterySmart and Sun. BatterySmart is built on e-rickshaw versus model. So, they’re primarily strong in markets where e-rickshaw is already out there running. But the difference between a battery swapping for e-rickshaw versus two-wheeler delivery is the uptime and reliability and other things. An e-rickshaw might be okay to have some downtime. An e-rickshaw is a low-speed vehicle while two-wheelers are high- speed vehicles.
Previously, we operated our swapping infrastructure during our ride-sharing days, but we now focus on private networks, offering solutions for clients like bike taxi companies. Today, the market is aware of what is battery swapping, what is the pricing of battery swapping that works for a gig worker. With growing awareness among gig workers and increasing demand, battery swapping is gaining traction.
Over the next 12-18 months, major players like Jio and Shell are expected to enter the space, which will boost investment in this capital-intensive sector, currently dominated by just two well-funded operators.
YS: What is the path forward for Bounce?
Vivekananda:: So we think the delivery ecosystem is going to be a good market. So we will come up with more products which make sense for different use cases. It can be a low speed one, it can be a mid speed one with battery or with battery swapping. We will also come up with some fixed batteries also for certain use cases. We are not married to one school of thought. I think each use case needs a particular solution. So we will come up with those solutions.
Then another key piece that we will try and do is how to make electric scooters a shareable asset in a way by helping companies own vehicles with ease and through transparent lending.
YS: What are your plans for the B2C segment?
Vivekananda: So we will let it organically grow for now. Because we have about 20,000 users who have bought our models and are very happy. Whatever we innovate, we will offer B2C as well. But we won’t go after discounting or aggressive pricing. We will try to be very logical about the
price point to the end user.
For example we have liquid cooled fast charge batteries for B2C use cases, which are portable and fast charging. We are now looking at LFP fast charging solutions and smaller batteries for B2C use cases where the utilisation is less.
We were the first to say that we don’t need a 4 kWh battery for B2C use
case. A 1.9 kWh battery with 60-70 kWh range is good enough. The whole industry actually followed that. So we will go further down in the energy that a user needs which will enable them to bring down the cost of a vehicle that way.
YS: Could you elaborate on your recent partnership with SUN Mobility to deploy 30,000 e-scooters?
Vivekananda: We partner with SUN to offer scooters integrated with their battery swapping solution. Logistics companies pay us for the vehicles and SUN for energy. This model eliminates the need for SUN to buy vehicles directly.
So far, we’ve deployed over 4,000 scooters on SUN’s network. I think we are now looking at it to be not too dependent on SUN to pick up these vehicles and are scaling independently, with a current deployment run rate of 1,500-2,000 scooters per month.
YS: How flexible is Bounce when it comes switching between battery swapping platforms depending on a customer’s preference?
Vivekananda: Today when we work with SUN Mobility, the scooters that are deployed under this partnership’s battery swapping infrastructure can work only with SUN Mobility’s batteries unless we change the connectors. But our scooters are adaptable and if requested, we can seamlessly transition the vehicle for other battery swapping operators like Battery Smart.
It’s like in a way the portability of telecom operators. You can’t for every call choose between Airtel versus Vodafone, but you make a conscious choice that I want to move from Airtel to Vodafone. So, we have built that flexibility on the scooter because of which we are able to remove the risk of being married to a battery swapping operator both from a buyer point of view and a company. So, we do deep integrations and we work with SUN.
YS: Could you help me understand when do you see the company becoming profitable?
Vivekananda: In September, we became EBIT positive, covering all costs, including interest, which is a milestone for an OEM. We have strong exports and a lean operation that focuses on the product. We aim to remain EBITDA positive and achieve net profitability within two quarters while doubling our turnover.
YS: How do you think the company’s top-line numbers will look like in FY25?
Vivekananda: This March, if we go at the current run rate, we should be at Rs 100 crores plus of annual revenue. If we get to double down, I think there is a high chance that we can get to an annualised revenue rate of Rs 150 to Rs 200 crore.
YS: What are Bounce’s plans in terms of overseas expansion?
Vivekananda: We were very bullish on Europe, but Europe has gone through its own ups and downs. All the quick commerce companies have not sustained there. But two years ago, we were thinking of Europe to be one of our major markets. Our scooters are European Union certified scooters. Because of this certification, we are able to sell it in a bunch of markets such as the Philippines, and Africa. We have been selling our vehicles in South Africa for almost a year now.
We sell our scooters at about $2,000-$2,300, which is attractive for both us and the buyer. Bounce competes with China’s NIU in this market. However, we perform better and are more economical and highly rugged because it (the scooter) was built for Indian roads.
In the Middle East, we have a high speed variant, which is a 90 kmph top speed variant, which we are making now. Now we are selling the current variants, but the Middle East has this need for high speed. Because of the highways and minimum speed requirement. So, we have a 90 kmph data product, which we are releasing for the Middle East market.
About 5-10% of our total revenue from operations are coming from exports, but at a very high margin as of now. So, we think we have still not invested on the marketing and distribution part of it for exports. But this year, we are going to double down on it. We are looking at more countries in the Middle East including Dubai and Abu Dhabi.
YS: Do you see Bounce being in the market to raise more funds any time soon?
Vivekananda: I think we will figure out the timing. Since we are now an EBIT-positive company, we are looking at a range of options including IPO markets and private credit and figuring out where we should deploy the funds. While we are not actively raising capital right now, we remain open to opportunities with the right investors.
Startup
Actor Varun Dhawan joins LinkedIn as startup investment portfolio grows
Bollywood actor Varun Dhawan joined LinkedIn on Thursday, November 21. The actor took to the professional networking social media platform and said he wanted to connect with professionals beyond just the entertainment industry.
Varun wrote: “I’m looking forward to sharing insights, discussing creativity, leadership, and yes–even some behind-the-scenes glimpses of the world of film. If there’s anything I’ve learned, it’s that there’s always something new to learn, no matter where you are in your career.”
Son of renowned film director David Dhawan, Varun worked as an assistant director in Karan Johar’s film My Name Is Khan (2010) before making his acting debut in 2012 with Johar’s Student Of The Year.
A graduate of Business Studies from Nottingham Trent University, Varun has made strategic investments in real estate and startups. He invested an undisclosed amount in Mumbai-based Fast&Up, a D2C nutraceutical brand, in December 2021.
In 2022, Varun invested an undisclosed amount in Bengaluru-based cloud kitchen operator Curefoods. As a part of the deal, Varun also signed a long-term association with Curefoods, becoming the brand ambassador of one of its brands, EatFit.
Additionally, according to media reports, Varun has also made investments to build a real estate portfolio consisting of luxury properties across Mumbai and Dubai.
With over a decade of experience in the film and entertainment industry, Varun is known for his work in films including October, Badlapur, Bhediya, Badrinath Ki Dulhania, and Humpty Sharma Ki Dulhania.
Over the years, Bollywood actors have been actively participating in the Indian startup ecosystem, either through strategic investments or as brand ambassadors representing companies. Many actors, including Suniel Shetty, Priyanka Chopra, Sonu Sood, Alia Bhatt, Ranveer Singh, and Kriti Sanon, have joined LinkedIn.
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